Why did Henry VII win the Battle of Bosworth Essay Example

Why did Henry VII win the Battle of Bosworth? Paper There are a number of reasons why Henry VII won the Battle of Bosworth. Whilst there were political, military and economic reasons why Henry won, the political reasons held more weight. There were long term political reasons that contributed significantly to Henry’s success. For instance, the marriage arranged by Elizabeth Woodville and Margaret Beaufort that united Henry and Elizabeth of York. The marriage was publically announced by Henry in 1483 in the Rennes Chapel, Brittany. The marriage not only strengthened Henry’s claim to the thrown and increased his legitimacy, which was very important at this point in History, but it also increased Henry’s support. It did this by uniting the support of Elizabeth and Margaret who had previously been enemies. This gave Henry support on the Battlefield from not only Lancastrians but some Yorkists that had supported Edward V too, which naturally contributed to his victory as he had more people in England supporting him. Henry’s exile to Brittany was also important in Henry’s success. During his 14 year exile in Brittany, Henry had been gathering a court in Paris as well as collecting troops for an invasion. It can be argued that due to the opinion that Henry Tudor might be useful in further negotiations with England, Henry VII had the support and protection of the Duke of Brittany. The implications of this and befriending welsh exiles were hugely beneficial to Henry. Through having this support Henry was able to collect 1,500 French mercenaries, over 1,000 welsh soldiers and had the support of 400-500 loyal welsh exiles. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Henry VII win the Battle of Bosworth? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Henry VII win the Battle of Bosworth? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Henry VII win the Battle of Bosworth? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This support contributed largely to his total army of around 5,000. Without this support it seems that Henry would barely have had an army at all, so his exile to Brittany was hugely important to his win at the Battle of Bosworth. Perhaps what is just as important to take into account as Henry’s support, was Richard’s lack of support. Through Richard’s usurpation of the throne he had made many enemies. It caused splits in the Yorkist party and caused fear and doubt within the people. He had failed to win the full support of the nobility and had dropped in popularity even further after the introduction of his policy which involved him putting northerners in southern counties. In addition, with the speculation that Richard had murdered his nephews in 1483, his popularity only dropped further. Richard’s decrease in popularity meant that people who no longer supported Richard would therefore support Henry, adding yet again to Henry’s support which contributed to him winning the Battle of Bosworth. There were also short terms political reasons behind Henry’s win. For instance, the role of the Stanleys on the battle field. It was arguably the turning point of the battle when the brothers, who had remained impartial surveying the battle waiting to see which army would take the lead, decided to enter it on the Lancastrian side. Having made up nearly half of Richard III’s army, this addition of 6,500 soldiers to the Lancastrian army resulted in it being the bigger army of the two sides. They had a tactical position on the field, one brother on each side of the field, which meant when they attacked William, they could attack him from both sides. It was a combination of having more soldiers and the Stanley brother’s strategic location on the battle field that then led to Richard’s death and the end of the battle. There were some short term military reasons as to why Henry won the Battle of Bosworth. Henry’s uncle Jasper Tudor was able to assist him with his military expertise however it was largely down to military luck and chance that Henry was victorious. Despite Richard the III having more troops that were better equipped, considerably more cavalry, the advantaged position on Ambien Hill and vastly more experience of battle, the first hour of the battle was evenly matched. This made Henry lucky, as the odds were heavily against him. It could be argued it was also Henry’s luck that the Stanley brothers joined his side. However, when stalemate occurred Henry rode across to the Stanley’s to offer persuasion to join the Lancastrian side. The fact that the Stanley’s did eventually join the battle on Henry’s side provides evidence that Henry’s confidence as a military leader by being forward thinking and taking his initiative could instead be responsible in gaining the Stanleys support rather than it being completely down to luck. Richard’s tactical errors in the battle also contributed to why Henry won. Richard lost the opportunity to gain advantage in attacking Oxford by being too hesitant. This resulted in Oxford launching the first attack on Norfolk who was then killed. Richard’s risk taking could either show him as a tactical leader, or a reckless one. However his risk in charging down from Ambien hill to attack Henry with the aim to potentially end the battle backfired on him as it resulted in his death as he had played into Henry’s hands. It is therefore reasonable to conclude that Richard’s risk taking was yet another tactical error on his part, which helped Henry VII win. As well as political and military reasons, there were also economic explanations as to why Henry won the Battle of Bosworth. In order to have the resources and equipment for battle, large amounts of money were needed. Henry was able to gain the necessary economic support from Charles VIII of France due to Charles hoping this would distract Richard III from sending help to Brittany. It was this economic support that gave Henry VII the best chance in battle which therefore contributed to his victory. It is clear to see that without doubt that the political reasons for Henry winning the Battle of Bosworth not only outnumber the military and economic reasons but they are of greater importance too. The military reasons hold little significance due to the nature of the battle. This is effectively put by Charles Oman, writer of The Art of War in the Middle Ages that the Battle of Bosworth â€Å"can hardly be taken for serious military study- since it was not settled by strategy or tactics, but by mere treachery†. In addition to this, the economic reason was only one piece in the jigsaw puzzle to why Henry won, whereas the political reasons, both long term and short, made larger contributions to the victory as a whole not only in the build up to the Battle, but during the Battle itself.

Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band are both examples of the murder mystery genre Essays

Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band are both examples of the murder mystery genre Essays Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band are both examples of the murder mystery genre Paper Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band are both examples of the murder mystery genre Paper Essay Topic: Literature The murder mystery genre always includes four main ingredients. These are the crime, the villain, the victim and of course, the detective. Usually, in classic examples of this genre, the detective finds out what has happened and solves the crime. However, the above mentioned ingredients can be mixed together to create different recipes for murder mysteries. Whereas in most stories in this genre the villain is caught or killed, in a small minority, the villain gets away with the crime, making the detective look unprofessional. I have read two stories which cover both of the endings in this genre. These are Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl and The Speckled Band by Arthur Conan Doyle. I am going to explain in detail how these two short stories are both similar and different. As I mentioned before, every story that has a murder mystery theme, involves a crime. In Lamb to the Slaughter, the murder is totally unplanned. It happens on the spur of the moment. Mary Maloney, the so-called villain, kills her husband using a frozen leg of lamb. As I found out whilst reading this story, this is an unusual kind of weapon, but effective nevertheless. Mary Maloney is a typical housewife from the time of when this story was written, circa 1950. She works at home all day, doesnt go out much and hasnt even an ounce of a social life. Shes also married to a senior policeman, Mr. Patrick Maloney. On the night of the murder, Patrick has just come home from work. Mary is just about to make dinner. She is being very nice to Patrick as usual. We find out that Mary loves Patrick to bits and cherishes every moment she spends with him. She adores every little thing about this man, She loved him for the way he sat loosely in a chair She loved the intent, far look in his eyes. After the couple have their usual drink, Patrick explains something to Mary. As the readers, we dont get an insight to what is being said, but we do get a picture of what it is about. Of course Ill give you money and see youre looked after, Patrick says. We come to the conclusion that whatever Patrick has said, really shocked and bewildered Mary. She shows this not by having a temper tantrum and yelling at Patrick, but by whispering, Ill get the supper, and walking out of the room. To us, it feels as though Patrick is telling her that he is leaving home. This is because we are told that she was, watching him with a kind of dazed horror as he went further and further away with each word. In my opinion, it is not a very good idea to leave your wife especially when she is pregnant with your baby. Mary walks down to the cellar to fetch the meat. She pulls a frozen leg of lamb out of the freezer and carries it back upstairs. As she enters the room, her husband hears her and says, For Gods sake. Dont make supper for me. Im going out. At this point, I think the last, tiny piece of string holding Marys brain together just snapped. She walks up behind Patrick, who is standing facing the window, and whacks him on the head with the leg of lamb. In The Speckled Band, the crime is carefully planned and breathtakingly complicated. It is also safe to say that the victim is not killed using a dead, frozen animal limb! The person who dies in this story has fallen victim to a crime that been organized over a lengthy period of time. Dr. Roylott, the villain and man we are supposed to loathe by the end of this story, wants to kill both of his two step-daughters. The murder takes place in the bedroom of one of the daughters, Julias. The bedrooms are placed like this, Dr. Roylotts is first in the corridor, then Julias in the middle and then Helen, the other daughters, is last in line. All three rooms are built facing the garden. As I have already explained, the crime is very complex. Dr. Roylott has rigged Julias room with a fake air-vent system which is connected to his own room via the wall. On Julias side, the opening of the vent had a dummy bell-rope hanging from it. At night, according to Helen, Julia heard, a low clear whistle. Every night, Dr. Roylott would send a snake, trained using a whip-cord, a bowl of milk and a whistle, through the ventilation system into Julias room. He did this in hope of the snake biting Julia, as her bed was bolted to the floor under the vent. Helen explains that on the night of Julias death, Julia had asked her sister, Have you ever heard anyone whistle in the dead of the night? After a brief conversation between the two sisters, Julia returns to her room and locks the door shut. The windows are also very small and too narrow for anyone to pass through. This shows us that it is impossible for anyone to enter Julias room at night. We are told by Helen, that there are some gypsies that are staying in the grounds behind the house. We expect the gypsies to have something to do with the murder. However, Sherlock Holmes immediately discards this theory after inspecting the windows. This makes the gypsies the red herrings in this story. The reason the girls kept their doors locked at night was because Dr. Roylott was a wild animals enthusiast and kept a cheetah and baboon in the grounds. On the night of the murder, Helen says that she has an uneasy feeling, A vague feeling of impending misfortune impressed me. She also tells us that the weather is very bad outside. This makes the whole atmosphere of the story even tenser, which in turn makes it even more of a classic murder mystery, where everything is dark and bleak. Helen heard the wild scream of a terrified woman amidst all the noise of the rain and thunder outside. As Helen ran to her sisters bedroom, she hears the same low whistle Julia was talking about earlier that night. She also heard a metallic clanging sound. As Helen approached her sisters room, the door was open. Julia appeared at the opening, her face blanched with terror, her hands groping for help. Julia is convulsing all the while, and Helen explains that it was not easy to understand what she was saying. Julia managed to gasp one final piece of vital information before she perished, Oh, my God Helen! It was the band! The speckled band! We can see that The Speckled Band is a more mature story. The crime is much more dramatic. The main difference between the stories at the moment is that one has been planned carefully and other is just something that happens at the last minute. The crime in Lamb to the Slaughter is quite humorous, whereas the crime in The Speckled Band is very serious. We expect killers, murderers and rapists to be men. It is just something we have come to believe. Whether we are watching television, reading a book or looking at a wanted sign in a shop window, out first conclusion is that the bad guy is actually going to be a guy. What do we expect a villain to be doing in his or her spare time? Washing the dishes? Cooking the dinner? Dusting the furniture? Having a baby? Well these are just some of the routine jobs that the killer in Lamb to the Slaughter does. Surprisingly, this kind, gentle and loving woman, isnt all what she is made out to be. Although she doesnt mind being classed as a domestic creature, Mary shows a quality most other 1950s housewives dont. She shows that she really does have a brain and that she can use it. She shows her quick-wittedness and that she can work way out of problems herself. It comes as a shock to us when we find out that the killer in Lamb to the Slaughter is a woman. But not only is she just a woman, but she is an expecting mother. We would never even dream that she would be the murderer by the way Roald Dahl describes her at the start of the story. Mary is just one of those average 1950s housewives that stay at home all day, cleaning up and getting the dinner ready. What makes it even harder for us to believe that she would kill Patrick is that she loves him so much. Dahl says that she loved to sunbathe in the warm, male glow that came out of him. Mary knows every little thing about this man. Exactly what time he is going to be home, exactly what drink he is going to want and even how he wants it. There is a point when Patrick has finished his drink and about to get another, when Mary suddenly shoots up, Ill get it! she cries, jumping up. This shows just how much she cares for him. She knows he is going to be tired, so she does every little thing for him. We can see that Mary is anything but the stereotypical murderer. She just doesnt have the characteristics. We start to wonder, was what Patrick said so unimaginably terrible, that it provoked Mary to kill the man she undyingly loved? Another thing we have to take into account is that she is not just an average housewife; she is a very clever housewife. After killing Patrick, lots of thoughts start crossing her mind. She thinks that she will face the death penalty. She knows she must save her child, so devises a plan to get out of the murder. She touches up her lips and face and goes to the grocers. When she speaks to Sam, the man who owns the shop, she acts very normal. I want some potatoes please, Sam. Yes, and I think a can of peas. She had already rehearsed these lines beforehand at home. What Mary is doing here, is creating an alibi. The villain in The Speckled Band is the complete opposite of Mary Maloney. Unlike in Lamb to the Slaughter, it isnt much of a shock to us when we find out that Dr. Roylott is the murderer. Dr. Roylott is described as being quite a fierce looking man. It is said that he is a huge man. He sounds like a killer to us already. A large face, seared with a thousand wrinkles and marked with every evil passion. This line makes it even easier for us to picture Dr. Roylott as the killer. Dr. Roylott also has history of violence. Helen says that, he beat his native butler to death, and narrowly escaped a capital sentence. Dr. Roylott is not just brawn, he also has a brain, as his title suggests. He is extremely clever. You have to clever in order to organize a crime like this one. The crime in The Speckled Band would require a man of genius to carry it out. It is in total contrast to the crime in Lamb to the Slaughter where Patrick is killed with a single blow to the head. Another reason why we come to accept Dr. Roylott as the murderer is because he is the girls step-father, meaning he is not their biological father and may not have much love for them. In Lamb to the Slaughter though, Mary soaks Patrick in her love. We feel no sympathy for Dr. Roylott because he only wants to kill the two girls for their money. Helen explains, Each daughter can claim an income of i 250, in case of marriage even one of them would cripple him to a serious extent. In Lamb to the Slaughter, Mary kills Patrick because of deeper reasons. We feel sympathetic towards her because we come to the conclusion that Patrick is leaving her. As we can clearly see now, Dr. Roylott is a stereotypical killer. He has all the characteristics of a ruthless villain. Stereotypically, the victim is the weak, fragile, little lady and the villain is the big, demented, monster of a man. Lamb to the Slaughter though, as we have come to realize, doesnt quite follow the pattern most other stories in this genre do. This is exactly the case when we come to the victim in Lamb to the Slaughter. Patrick Maloney is a senior policeman, and supposedly quite a big, strong man. Certainly strong enough to defend himself against a weak, little lady like his wife. He is not the typical murder victim. He doesnt fit the description. We would expect the scenario to be the other way round. Where Patrick would have a motive for killing Mary. We feel no sympathy towards Patrick when he dies. I think we area actually meant to be happy when he is killed. We are not supposed to like him. This is because he has apparently told Mary that he is leaving her, which to us is for reasons unknown. In fact, I think Patrick deserved what he got. I dont think Mary, who cherished every moment with him, would kill Patrick for a minor thing. What Patrick said, must have been pretty serious. Patrick did not seem to treat Mary with the same love and respect that she showed him from the start. Every time Patrick said something to Mary, it consisted mainly of one word sentences. For example, when Mary lovingly asks Patrick if he would like supper, Patrick just plainly says, No. He doesnt say Its okay love, or, No thank you dear. Because of all these things, we get the feeling that Patrick had it coming. We never at any point feel sorry for him. In complete comparison to Patrick, Helen from The Speckled Band, is the typical victim. Helen is one of those women that require a man to do everything for them. When we first read about her, we are told that she is, in a pitiable state of agitation. She is quite scared, even in the presence of the Great Sherlock Holmes. Even though Helen does not die in the story, we still feel greatly sympathetic towards her. This is because, not only has she lost her twin sister, but also because she does not have a reason to be killed. She hasnt done anything to hurt Dr. Roylott. He only wants to kill Helen because of the money she will inherit when she marries. As I have already mentioned, Helen is weak and innocent, she does not deserve to die. This is completely different to Lamb to the Slaughter, where Patrick is the wrong-doer and has it coming. Helen is the stereotypical murder victim mainly due to the fact that she is weak and fragile. Sherlock Holmes notices five livid spots, the marks of four fingers and a thumb, printed upon Helens wrist. You have been cruelly used, says Holmes. This makes is even easier for us to see why Helen is a typical victim. We now know that she has been abused in the past. We can see that both stories are opposite in two places. In Lamb to the Slaughter, the killer is a woman and the victim is a man. In The Speckled Band, the killer is a man, and the victim is a woman. Detectives are given their jobs because they are particularly skilled in their field of work. They usually show exceptional talent which is of a higher standard than that of a regular policeman. However, in Lamb to the Slaughter, the paragraph above does not relate the slightest. Jack Noonan and OMalley are the detectives that arrive to solve the crime. Although they are showing signs of being professionals, for example they take photographs and check for fingerprints, this soon changes as they begin to make gross errors. The first thing they do wrong is assume that the killer is a man. Its the old story. Get the weapon and youve got the man. This tells us that they are already confident that the killer is a man. Mary is quite safe now, due to the fact that she is no longer a suspect. The second thing that jack does wrong is quite a serious mistake. Jack drinks alcohol while he is on the job. What makes this situation humorous is that he actually knows himself that he is not allowed. Im not strictly allowed, but I might just take a drop to keep me going. The professionalism we saw earlier, was thrown out of the window the second the whiskey whisked down Jacks throat! But the amazing thing is that the rest of Jack Noonans team also join him in having a little nip. The humorous part of the story is displayed at the end. This is when Mary shows truly how intelligent she really is. After she killed Patrick with the lamb, she put the leg in the oven and began to cook it. Intending to clear her name completely, Marks asks the policemen if they would stay to eat. The ironic thing is that the detectives eat what they are looking for! This shows just how stupid these men are. Their chances of solving the crime are now slim to none. The detectives converse about the crime while they are eating: Whoever done it, theyre not going to be carrying a thing like that around with them longer than they need. Personally, I think its right here on the premises. Probably right under our very noses. At this point, Mary is probably very smug indeed. She now knows that she is out of the woods and free of suspicion. She has the right to be happy, And in the other room, Mary Maloney began to giggle. I enjoyed this ending but it is different from the usual stories where the good people are victorious and the bad person is caught. Sherlock Holmes on the other hand, is no ordinary detective. He is a super detective. One that always solves the crime. Holmes is a super sleuth and never takes up any ordinary cases. He always goes for something that would prove to be challenging. He refused to associate himself with any investigation that did not tend towards the unusual. When reading a Sherlock Holmes based story, written by Arthur Conan Doyle, you dont expect anything besides Detective Holmes emerging victorious. Even in a time when forensic sciences were not available, the clever deductions and observations, always got Sherlock his man. During the times of Sherlock Holmes, the ignorance of the Victorian society resented any change in lifestyle. They found it hard to cope with developments and found stability in their solid living styles. If anything went wrong in their lives, Sherlock Holmes was their defender. Sherlock Holmes was to the Victorians, as Superman is to the people of Metropolis. The unalterable fact that comforted the Victorians so much was that Sherlock Holmes would never be beaten. He held all the qualities that were envied by people from the Victorian age. He was extremely boastful and enjoyed showing it to others. He was amusingly witty and used this quality to destroy his enemies. He wasnt afraid of digging deep into the darkness of Londons underground darkness; prostitution and opium dens. It was extremely satisfying for the people of London to know that the warmth of Holmes shadow was always towering over them. Holmes was the superhero of that era; always dependable in a sticky, unforgiving situation. When Holmes first meets Helen, he doesnt even have to ask about her journey. The information and the way he finds out is very surprising. From just looking at the ticket in her hand, and the state of her clothes, he depicts her whole journey. It is like he mentally scans Helen and compiles a report on her. You had a good drive in a dog-cart, along heavy roads. Holmes realizes this just by analyzing the splashes of mud on Helens clothes. Helen is very startled when she hears this. She too cannot believe it. It shows that Holmes is a very good detective. He is good at observing things and finding out obscure and inconspicuous details. Mr. Holmes knows himself that he is a very good detective. He is not at all modest and at some points even boastful. He knows that he is very clever and doesnt fray from showing it. He basically tells us that he had solved the crime before even setting foot in Roylotts room. I had come to those conclusions before ever I had entered his room. We can see just how different the two detectives are in this story. They are complete opposites. One solves the crime, the other eats the main lead! The main difference between these two short stories is that one of them has the crime solved, and the other doesnt. Throughout reading both stories, you continually notice the traditional and not so traditional aspects of both. Both stories are completely opposite, so it is easy to spot their differences. Not one element in both stories is the same. The crime in one is serious; the crime in the other is almost a joke. The villain in one is a six months pregnant woman and the villain in the other is an intelligent, fierce doctor. The stories end in different ways, but both have satisfactory endings nonetheless. In Lamb to the Slaughter, Mary gets away with murder, which is what we want. In The Speckled Band, Dr. Roylott is killed, which is also what we want. The stories are both different in the way that they are told. In Lamb to the Slaughter, we know exactly what has happened, and the detective doesnt. In The Specked Band we are kept in suspense, because we know just as much as the detective. In my opinion, Lamb to the Slaughter was a more enjoyable story. It provides a welcome twist to the genre. It contains humour, which lightens the atmosphere. I think that more authors should follow in Roald Dahls example and write murder mysteries that dont always follow the rules. It would be nice if every book made you smile as you closed it, just as this one did.

Introduction to Beaux Arts Architecture

Introduction to Beaux Arts Architecture Beaux Arts is an opulent subset of the Neoclassical and Greek Revival architectural styles. A dominant design during the Gilded Age, Beaux Arts was popular but short-lived in the United States from roughly 1885-1925. Also known as Beaux-Arts Classicism, Academic Classicism, or Classical Revival, Beaux Arts is a late and eclectic form of Neoclassicism. It combines classical architecture from ancient Greece and Rome with Renaissance ideas. Beaux-Arts architecture became part of the American Renaissance movement. Beaux Arts is characterized by order, symmetry, formal design, grandiosity, and elaborate ornamentation. Architectural characteristics include balustrades, balconies, columns, cornices, pilasters and triangular pediments. Stone exteriors are massive and grandiose in their symmetry; interiors are typically polished and lavishly decorated with sculptures, swags, medallions, flowers, and shields. Interiors will often have a grand stairway and opulent ballroom. Large arches rival the ancient Roman arches. In the United States, the Beaux-Arts style led to planned neighborhoods with large, showy houses, wide boulevards, and vast parks. Because of the size and grandiosity of the buildings, the Beaux-Arts style is most commonly used for public buildings like museums, railway stations, libraries, banks, courthouses, and government buildings. In the US, Beaux Arts was used in some of the public architecture in Washington, DC, most notably Union Station by architect Daniel H. Burnham and the Library of Congress (LOC) Thomas Jefferson building on Capitol Hill. The Architect of the Capitol describes the LOC as theatrical and heavily ornamented, which is perfectly suited to a young, wealthy and imperialistic nation in its Gilded Age. In Newport, Rhode Island, the Vanderbilt Marble House and Rosecliff Mansion stand out as grand Beaux-Arts cottages. In New York City, Grand Central Terminal, Carnegie Hall, the Waldorf, and the New York Public Library all express Beaux-Arts grandeur. In San Francisco, California, the Palace of Fine Arts and the Asian Art Museum made the California Gold Rush a reality. Besides Burnham, other architects associated with the style include Richard Morris Hunt (1827-1895), Henry Hobson Richardson (1838-1886), Charles Follen McKim (1847-1909), Raymond Hood (1881-1934), and George B. Post (1837-1913). The popularity of the Beaux-Arts style waned in the 1920s, and within 25 years the buildings were considered ostentatious. Today the phrase beaux arts is used by English-speaking people to attach a dignity and even a frivolity to the ordinary, such as the volunteer fundraising group named Beaux Arts in Miami, Florida. Its been used to suggest luxury and sophistication, as the Marriott hotel chain expresses with its Hotel Beaux Arts Miami. Its also part of a famous poem, Musà ©e des Beaux Arts, by W.H. Auden. French in Origin In French, the term beaux arts (pronounced BOZE-ar) means fine arts or beautiful arts. The Beaux-Arts style emanated from France, based on ideas taught at the legendary LÉcole des Beaux Arts (The School of Fine Arts), one of the oldest and most esteemed schools of architecture and design in Paris. The turn into the 20th century was a time of great growth throughout the world. It was a time after the American Civil War when the United States was truly becoming a country- and a world power. It was a time when architecture in the US was becoming a licensed profession requiring schooling. These French ideas of beauty were brought to America by American architects fortunate enough to have studied at the only internationally known school of architecture, L’Ecole des Beaux Arts. European aesthetics spread to wealthy areas of the world that had profited from industrialization. It is found mostly in urban areas, where it can make a more public statement of prosperity or an embarras sment of riches. In France, Beaux-Arts design was most popular during what became known as the Belle Époque, or the beautiful age. Perhaps the most important if not best-known example of this French opulence within a logical design is the Paris Opà ©ra house by the French architect Charles Garnier. Definitions of Beaux-Arts Architecture Historical and eclectic design on a monumental scale, as taught at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris in the 19th cent.- Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw- Hill, 1975, p. 48 The Beaux Arts is a classical style with the full range of Greco-Roman elements: the column, arch, vault and dome. It is the showy, almost operatic, manner in which these elements are composed that gives the style its characteristic flavor.- Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation To Hyphenate or Not Generally, if beaux arts is used alone, the words are not hyphenated. When used together as an adjective to describe a style or architecture, the words are often hyphenated. Some English dictionaries always hyphenate these non-English words. About Musà ©e des Beaux Arts The English poet W. H. Auden wrote a poem called Musà ©e des Beaux Arts in 1938. In it, Auden describes a scene from a painting by the artist Peter Breughel, a piece of art that Auden observed while visiting the Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels, Belgium. The poems theme of the commonplace of suffering and tragedy- how it takes place / While someone else is eating or opening a window or just walking dully along- is as relevant today as it ever was. Is it ironic or on purpose that the painting and the poem are paired with one of the most visibly ornate styles of architecture in an era of conspicuous consumption? Sources Richard Morris Hunt, Beaux-Arts Architectural Drawings The Architecture of the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts by Arthur Drexler, 1977 The Beaux Arts Style by Jonathan and Donna Fricker, Fricker Historic Preservation Services, LLC, February 2010, Louisiana Division of Historic Preservation (PDF) [accessed July 26, 2016]; Beaux Arts Architecture on Capitol Hill, Architect of the Capitol [accessed April 13, 2017]

Organizational Behaviour of Ritz Carlton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organizational Behaviour of Ritz Carlton - Essay Example s the vast potential of demographic and cultural diversity among people and accepts the imprint of globalization on everyday living and organizational competitiveness. (Hunt, et al 2004)1 Previously managerial decisions were mostly directed towards organizations objective while addressing concerns like production, sales and marketing with little attention towards the people working in the organization which is rightly mentioned by Harris et al (2001)2 and (Hunt et al, 2004). It is further stated that progressive workplaces presently are looking and acting differently from those of the past with new approach towards customers and client markets. There are competitions from all corners and the company has to meet the demand and expectations of the customer. (Hunt et al, 2004) In view of the above, the present global environment asks for more commitment, skills and ability to tackle the challenges effectively which can be possible only through changes, individually and institutionally, to keep pace with dynamic and complex environment. The present paper aims to critically examine leadership and management styles adopted by the management of Ritz Carlton during the period of change, their nature of team motivation and policies to achieve high performance. The approach for the present research is qualitative methodological approach relying only on secondary data from online sources, books and journals which were earlier published. The view points and interviews of senior managers of Ritz Carlton Hotels have been collected for the purpose of this research to identify the management and leadership styles during the change , their strategies for employee and team motivation and policies to achieve better quality of service. Ritz Carlton has a long history which goes back to 1898 when the founder of the industry Cesar Ritz moved to Paris working in finest hotels and restaurants and later opening London’s Carlton Hotel setting the stage for Ritz Carlton Company. The

Slavery in Early American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery in Early American History - Essay Example Slavery was practiced in the North America at its climax for up to two centuries before legal issues and human rights fighters started the foundation of dissolving this vice. The vice started fading in the late 18th century, but continued to thrive in the Southern States of North America. Most slaves were found in areas that were active in cash crop agriculture and other areas that required hard manual labor such as industrial areas (Kolchin, 9). Needless to say, many evils happened during the extended period that slavery existed. This essay will discuss the supposed differences that led to the degradation of the blacks as slaves in English America. Terrors that were experienced in slave ships during their transportation and some of the evolutions in the slave ships will also be discussed. These will base their reference on two books: The White Man’s Burden by Winthrop D. Jordan and The Slave Ship, by Marcus Rediker. The black people underwent a lot of maltreatment as slaves d uring slavery, and in slave ships in the early American history. The major difference that formed the basis of every other difference the whites had in degrading the Africans was the skin color. This is according to the book, The White Man’s Burden, by Winthrop D. Jordan. The skin color of the Africans made the Whites believe that they were a radically unusual race. This drove to the belief that this peculiar race was then inferior and thus had no right to some of the rights that the Whites had access. Africans were, therefore, considered lesser than the White Men, and were subjected to play servitude to the perceived superior mankind, the White People. â€Å"By 1700, when Africans began flooding into English America, they were treated as somehow deserving a life and status radically different from English and other European settlers† (Winthrop, 26). According to Jordan, an initial

The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Essay Example for Free

The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Essay The Role of the Leader in Evaluating Data to Improve Quality and Safety Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality and safety has been acknowledged as significant issues in constructing the delivery of appropriate and approachable health care. To improve safety and quality the leader must analyze data and interpret the information to develop s system for clinical performance by supervising, motivating and constructing a quandary solving plan to deal with the scheme of medical inaccuracy. The purpose of this paper is to explain the significance of the responsibility of the leader in evaluation of data to perk up safety and quality aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the telemetry unit, patients are in an unremitting electronic supervision. Telemetry practice is a very significant tool in hospitals since it helps physicians to examine heart rhythm, heart rate, breathing from different locations in the nursing station. Telemetry is usually recommended subsequent to heart attack, or when a patient is developing some problem or is acutely ill. Data evaluation in the telemetry is very vital because it helps nurses to monitor the patients by reading the bedside monitors or telemetry readouts while evaluating the patients. This will help the nurses and other hospital personnel to respond swiftly to an emergency (Guo, 2008). Data overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The average age of patients in the telemetry unit is 72.4 years old, and every patient in the unit has heart disease. The data shows that 68% of the falls were women, who are more susceptible to diuretics. Women are more susceptible to osteoarthritis since bone mass decreases quicker in women as compared to men due to poor nutrition, sedimentary lifestyles and hormonal alterations are therefore more probable of falls. Peripheral sensations dwindle with age and loss of foot affectionate sense in the aged contributes to postural unsteadiness. Postural permanence is an expertise that relies on the harmonization of sensory and motor systems to direct body activities. As component of the aging development people cannot hear, see, feel, smell or taste like they used to do in the early years. The data reveal that fifteen falls in the four-month phase happened between seven in the evening to eleven in the dawn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data also reveal that 12% of the patients have secondary diagnosis of disorientation. Confusion in the old age that happens late in the sunset is known as sundowner’s disorder and is amplified perplexity, confusion and is general in telemetry patients. Data reveals that there was only one fall during the eleven pm shift to the three am shift, and on the three to seven shift there was only one fall, the nursing subordinate provides supplementary support for the patients and nurses as well as other basic health care to patients in nursing homes or in hospitals. Data reveals that there were nine falls between 7 in the morning to eleven in the evening. There were seven falls between 11 in the evening to 3 in the morning. And finally there were 14 falls in the 3 in the morning fall to seven in the evening shift. There was a total of 47 seven falls in the 4 months of data evaluation of the elderly people. Some of the old age disorders that causes falls are irreversible, chronic and degenerative ranging from mild to severe hence they require close attention. Appropriate data entry and interpretation is very crucial in the nursing practice. The patients are in diuretics and thus they require constant check up and monitoring so that the doctors can check potassium levels and monitor how the kidneys of the patients are functioning (Murphy, 2012). Quality improvement plan   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality health concern is defined as the extent of how health services increase the probability of achieving desired health results and are consistent with existing professional acquaintance. Quality health care should meet the following aims set by Institute of Medicine. The six aims include: efficient, safe, timely, equitable, effective and patient-centered. The process of care measures help to access whether the health concern performs procedures that have been established to attain the aspired objectives and evade those processes that are inclined toward impairment (Murphy, 2012).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The objectives of evaluating health care value are to establish the impact of health care on aspired upshots and evaluate the extent to which health concern adheres to procedures approved by the professional consensus and is unswerving with patient predilections. Measures of safety and quality can follow up the process of quality enhancement initiatives using external standards. Total quality model is another significant strategy since involve teamwork, systems thinking, organizational management, and change and defined processes to create an atmosphere for advancing health care quality (Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quality improvement is defined as systematic, data-guided operations structured to bring instant advancement in delivering health care in specific settings. Medical errors are usually caused by process or system failures, thus it is vital to adopt process-advancement procedures to acknowledge ineffective care, inefficiencies, and preventable mistakes to persuade changes related with those systems. Quality improvement includes: effects analysis, lean, Plan-Do- Study-Act, failure modes, root-cause analysis, and six sigma models. These techniques involve evaluating performance and using results to update change (Rowe, 2013). Leadership characteristics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Support and commitment. Leaders should work as a team and always place the patient as the center of care regardless of the prevailing cultural changes. Nurse leaders should be committed to empowering the patients and their families by partnering in their personal care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Transformational leadership is another quality that leaders should embrace changes in nursing practice. Nurse leaders need to be updated about safety measures of improving safety. Nurses can learn to improve care by learning from errors by incorporating safety procedures in their daily work flow. Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Safety and quality is very crucial in creating the delivery of successful and approachable health care. Quality improvement involves appropriate analysis and interpretation of data to develop a scheme for clinical performance by constructing a quandary solving plan to deal with errors in nursing. Appropriate data evaluation is crucial since nurses are required to respond quickly to emergencies especially if they are attending to old patients.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aged patients are more susceptible to many diseases especially women. Aged patients experience hormonal changes, poor nutrition and sedimentary lifestyles which place them at high risk of certain disorders. Patients suffering from certain disorders can benefit from telemetry unit services since they will learn about their conditions, their causes and techniques that can be applied to manage those conditions. Patients under diuretics should be attended frequently so that the nurses can monitor their potassium levels as well as the functioning of their kidneys. Quality of health care is very important since it can reduce number of patient falls. References Guo, K. L. (2008). Quality of health care in the US managed care system: Comparing and highlighting successful states. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 21(3), 236-248. Murphy, W. A. (2012). Improving Patient Safety and Quality: A Focus on Falls. Home Health Care Management Practice, 24(1), 62-64. Rowe, R. J. (2013). Preventing Patient Falls: What Are the Factors in Hospital Settings That Help Reduce and Prevent Inpatient Falls?. Home Health Care Management Practice, 25(3), 98-103. Tools and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. (n.d.). ncbi. Retrieved July 2, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/ Source document

The Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar :: essays research papers

The Tragic Hero of Julius Caesar   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tragedy concerns itself with the downfall of a protagonist (or the tragic hero) that suffers crushing defeat or death. Brutus certainly fits in as the protagonist of Julius Caesar and the tragic hero. Since Brutus was one of the main characters of the play, it would be obvious that he would be the tragic hero of the play as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The downfall of the protagonist occurs through a tragic flaw of the protagonist. Brutus' tragic flaw was making bad judgments. For example, he let Antony speak at Caesar's funeral, he let Antony live and also he marched to Phillipi. Since the Romans liked Brutus, they thought that if he killed Caesar, then he had a good reason for it. However, if Brutus had not let Antony speak at the funeral, the people would not have turned against him and the other conspirators. Antony was not Caesar's best friend, like Brutus; he just wanted everybody to be against Brutus so they could follow him. Letting Antony live was very poor judgment. Brutus committed suicide because Antony defeated his army. If Antony were killed, Brutus would have never committed suicide himself. The march to Phillipi was also a bad idea because if they hadn't gone everybody wouldn't have been killed. Brutus also made poor judgment on his friend Cassius. Cassius was the one persuading Brutus to become one of the conspirators, if he hadn't listened to Cassius, he wouldn't have killed Caesar. Brutus was one of Caesar's best friends, but he was not the greatest friend in the world. He killed his own best friend. Also, as good as a friend Brutus was to Caesar, it appeared as though Brutus loved Rome and it's people more. 'If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.'; (3.2.21-24) Loving Rome more than his own friend was another of Brutus' tragic flaw. He was more loyal to people he's never met before, than his own friend. If Brutus did not love Rome more, he would not have killed his good friend.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If Brutus felt so strongly that to save Rome he had to assassinate his own best friend that definitely must show something. Brutus killed Caesar for the people of Rome's sake, not for his own. A true hero would think of other people before thinking of himself.